Copper Corrosion Essay Example for Free

Copper Corrosion Essay In this experiment, I will be testing the corrosion rate of copper wire after leaving them in different liquids with different pH levels. By doing so I will be able to determine which pH level corrodes copper the fastest. I will conduct this experiment by pouring 250mL of different liquids with different pH levels in cups, followed by an iron strip placed into the cup. A stopwatch will be timing how long it takes the iron strip to fully corrode. The cups will be placed in the same environment right next to each other in order for the cups to be in the same temperature. All of the cups will be the same type of cup to make sure the cups won’t have a role determining the results. There will be three trials for each type of liquid. This will ensure the most accurate results. The pH level will be tested with a strip of litmus paper to determine the official pH level of the liquid. The stopwatch will start as soon as all of the copper wire are placed into the cups. I will be watching the cups, taking note of any qualitative data I see. When I see that the iron strip in one of the cups is fully covered in rust, I will record the time that was on my stopwatch. To analyze the data I will first find the average pH level for each of the liquids. Then I will average the total time it took for the copper wire to corrode. This data will be in hours. To see if there was any correlation between the independent variable and dependent variable, I will create a graph with the time it took the copper wire to corrode as the y-axis and the pH level as the x-axis. Hypothesis: If the pH level is more acidic, than the iron strip will corrode at a faster rate. Independent Variable: pH level of liquids Dependent Variable: rate of corrosion of iron strip Control: pH of 7 (Tap water) Constants: †¢ Same amount of liquid in each cup (50mL) †¢ Same sized copper wire (5x3/4x3/64) †¢ Same type of cup †¢ Cups placed in same temperature †¢ Cups placed in same environment Materials: †¢ 12 copper wire †¢ 4 see through cups †¢ 150mL of vinegar †¢ 150mL of bleach †¢ 150mL of tap water †¢ 150mL of hydrogen peroxide †¢ Litmus paper †¢ Stop watch †¢ Sharpie †¢ Paper towel Procedure: 1. On the see through cups, label which liquid will be poured into them 2. Pour 50mL of the liquids into their corresponding cups. 3. Put litmus paper into each liquid to get official pH level. Record pH level. 4. Place iron strip into liquid, making sure it is completely surrounded by liquid 5. Start stopwatch as soon as the copper wire are placed into cup. 6. Observe the copper wire. Record down the time whenever one of the copper wire is fully covered in corrosion. 7. Once all the times are recorded empty the cups and rinse them out with water. 8. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times. 9. Find the average time it took to corrode the iron strip. Abstract: I will be testing how pH levels of liquids affect the corrosion rate of an iron strip. The independent variable for this experiment is the pH level of the liquid. I will be using four different liquids, each having a different pH level. I will be using tap water, which is neutral; salt water, which is generally slightly basic; bleach, a very basic liquid; and vinegar, a very acidic liquid. The tap water will serve as my control. Having a variety of pH levels helps to give me a better perspective on how much of a factor pH level is on corrosion rate. The dependent variable will be the time it takes the iron strip to fully corrode. The unit for this measurement will be minutes.

Impact of Feminism on Public Administration

Impact of Feminism on Public Administration Impact of Feminism on Public Administration Literature Review The article is all about the impact of feminism on Public administration. It discusses the feminism and feminist perspective in Public administration as well. It narrates the role of woman in public administration on the basis of challenges, duties and capabilities of woman with respect to public administration. The article also describes the nature of woman and discusses it in depth with the help of different phenomena discussed in the different other classic articles that were relevant to the topic as well. The article gives a better view of role of women in public administration, their management skills, their thinking and decision making abilities and tries to sum up the impact which feminism imparts on public administration. The article has following sections. Literature Review Integration with article from PAR Case Study Women are the greater part of world population. They are taking part in every course of life at equality with the men. In the west women are also involved in public administration as well and doing their responsibilities in a satisfactory manner. It is really important to understand the natural difference that Nature has drawn between the aptitude of men and women. In general women are far much sensitive than the men so it’s really important for the employers who have women employees, because as compared to men women just don’t like to be bossed and given orders. But when it comes to the public administration women have to follow the orders. This leads us to think about the way and mechanism of giving orders. High ups must realize that they should not make feel their subordinates down and should be very careful and professional while issuing orders. This concept becomes more complex when the subordinate is a woman because if a manager or high rank officer makes a woman feel that she is solely bound to his order. She would definitely show some resentment which can be the violation of deadlines, compromising the quality of work or in worst case it can cause resignation of that woman employee. (Follett, 1926) The most important factor with respect to the impact of feminism’s impact on public administration is gender discrimination. According to Maslow’s theory of human motivation, it’s a basic right of an individual to get a job regardless of the gender. But it is quite tragic that if we analyze this situation in a broader perspective, we come to know that apart from some developed countries in the west, there is huge gender discrimination in rest of the world. Even in the west when the women become the part of the system, they have to face a lot of gender discrimination that really affects their performance and also renders their management skills. (MASLOW). Apart from the way of giving orders and gender discrimination another thing that is relevant to impact of the feminism on public administration is the importance of woman as a resource of an organization. Analyzing an institution in terms of its human resource helps the organization to minimize the differences be tween employees and high ups. (McGregor). After discussing the general things that play a vital role in terms of deciding the impact of feminism on public administration, now it’s important to apply these things in a particular environment that is public administration and bureaucracy. (Krislov, 2003). Women can be good administrators if they are assigned the duties which match their capabilities and address all the differences that Nature has drawn between the men and women. In other words feminism can imparts some good impact on the public administration even if the concept of feminism is understood and conceived properly. Integration with article from PAR It’s been quite a while that in the developed world women are given equal chances to contribute in public administration as well. It is a fact that they are doing their responsibilities in an appropriate manner and many of the women are playing major role in the overall governance of their countries as well. West has done a fabulous job in order to empower the women empowering them with the confidence that they can be the part of government as well and can play a major role to better the overall governance of the country as well. But it’s still a need of time that rest of the world also realize this fact and provide equal chances to women in order to prove their management and administrative skills by playing their role in public administration. The world has become a global village and now the mode of governance has also been modified to a greater extent. Most of the developed countries have realized that it’s all about devolution of power and authority in order to better the overall governance. Devolution of power involves a long series of acts but with our perspective the most important one is to give equal rights to women to serve their country. The most common example of empowering the women is to give them chances to be a part of public administration. Inclusion of women in public administration can be a real good for the all other women in the country as it is a fact that women are much more aware of the problems of their gender and it can be useful to take their input. It is really important to make sure the devolution of power in order to better the governance because it is the need of time as world is evolving at a really faster pace. Hence, the role of government becomes very crucial as it has to take some steps in order to empower all the communities of society in some way. One of the most common ways of doing that is to encourage the inclusion of women in public administration. Case Study How gender affects women’s status in public administration? The case study is relevant to all the discussion done in above sections. It is really important to perceive the effects of gender discrimination on the performance of women who are playing their role in public administration in different capacities. Although west has done a remarkable job in terms of perishing the negative effects of gender discrimination but still there can be found a significant number of women complaining about the gender discrimination in public administration. Most of them complained that gender discrimination caused their performance to decrease and eventually they felt retarded. They said that throughout their professional career, they have faced a lot of gender discrimination. This shows that women in the west are also facing the curse of gender discrimination and that too in the public administration that is really crucial for any country and society. It is really important that a workplace should be depolarized and appreciates the both men and women. (Schumacher, 2009) It becomes even more important when it comes to public administration as negative effects of gender discrimination do not only affect the women but eventually they impart bad impact on the whole society as well. Public administration is related to public affairs and all the officials related to this sort of work should be focused only on their work. But when the employees will face issues like gender discrimination, it would be a tragic situation for the whole society. Gender discrimination creates a trust deficit among the women involved in public administration and eventually they are just unable to fulfill their duties in an appropriate manner. Works Cited Follett, M. P. (1926). The Giving of Orders. Krislov, S. (2003). Representative Bureaucracy. M.E Sharpe, Inc. MASLOW, A. H. (n.d.). A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION. McGregor, D. (n.d.). The Human Side of Enterprise. The Human Side of Enterprise . Schumacher, M. E. (2009). Foundations of Public Administration. Retrieved September 10, 2014, from http://www.aspanet.org: http://www.aspanet.org/public/ASPADocs/PAR/FPA/FPA-DIV-Article.pdf

Procurement Route Selection and Analysis

Procurement Route Selection and Analysis The purpose of this report is to evaluate the procurement routes of construct a new auditorium with high specification technology for Heriot Watt University. The report includes defining several procurement routes, determining the recommended procurement route for this project. This report also covers the evaluation of influence factors and the potential benefits for adopting the recommended procurement route. Background Heriot Watt University (HWU) is planning to build a new auditorium at the existing grass land next to HWUs park with the land area of approximately 1500m2. The proposed auditorium is single storey with mezzanine floor with total 1950m2 gross floor area. The requirement and the need for auditorium shall be perfect for conferences, lectures and presentations, includes the facilities as following: 200 comfortable tiered seats, high specification technology, multimedia theatre with air conditioning, full size interactive screen and computer driven presentation facilities, In view of the HWU top management has decided to build a new auditorium, the projects procurement strategy has to be formed for achieve the optimum balance of risk, control and funding for this project. 2.0 Procurement Strategy Procurement is the amalgam of activities undertaken by the client to obtain a building (BPS, 2nd Edition, 1990). The projects procurement strategy is established for identify the most appropriate way of achieving the projects objectives and the value for money. The key steps in implementing the procurement strategy as following:- Finding out the real needs for the auditorium project and the projects objectives; Analysis the procurement routes for the auditorium project Evaluating the procurement strategy and the influence factors Implement procurement strategy and design team selection and contractor selection for the project Final handover for operation and review successfulness of the project There are many factors are able to influence on procurement strategy and subsequently influence on the selection of procurement route. We have listed down some most important factors for top management to consider for the procurement route. The project objectives and the clients capabilities HWU with a history dating back to 1821, has established one of the top UK universities. The objectives of the project are to build a new comfortable auditorium with high technology and to be able to complete within the cost limit, to the required quality and within the time constraints. In view of HWU is not a regular developer of works, the risk to HWU for this auditorium project shall be minimized. The HWU shall be the single point of contact and responsibility for the project during design and construction and in the event of the building failure. During the design stage, our HWU top management would like to implement their concerns and reliable ideas into the project. The high specification technology with special equipments would like to require some changes to the design due to the unable fixed cases. Risk management Risk management is critically important to project success. It involves identifying and assessing risk, assigning the right risk owners and continually managing, monitoring and reporting on key risks. (OGC03, 2007) In order to determine the most suited procurement route, the necessary comparison of varies procurement routes such as Traditional Route, Design Build route, Management Contracting Route Construction Management Route, etc will be done. Chosen of any route will have its own risks. When the procurement route is determined, the specific key risks, that HWU adopts, must be managed efficiently. The Project Constraints The constraints of the project are that contractor is able to consider the possible impact on neighbouring buildings and the potential concerns of the neighbours. They shall apply for a new entrance and temporary access to the construction site to minimize the impact to campus. The temporary access shall be reinstated to original. The noise pollution during the day time shall be limited in 75 dBA and in 55 dBA during night time. In order to raise the Environmental, Health and safety standard for this project, we have proposed to use the precast components for column, slab and staircase. The consideration and adoption of precast components is not only greatly simplified the construction sequence but also help to reduce construction wastage with such practices. Another consideration of reduce potential environmental impact is to adopt the interior drywall partition. Interior drywall is widely used in the commercial sector to build staffs offices. With consider the above factors, the procurement strategy shall be based on the following principles and guidelines:- The design should be fully meet the project objectives. The project should be based on a firmed price and limited time to construct. The auditorium must ready for operation by End of 2013 for the new intake in Jan 2014. The contract award should be based on the companys capacity and capability instead of lowest price. Selection of contractor intends low risk to HWU. 3.0 Procurement route selection and analysis Once the procurement strategy has been formed, the procurement route then can be selected with consider the clients specific requirement and how the clients risks will be minimized. Various procurement routes have emerged to identify the procurement systems in current use, some more advanced procurement practices are often used currently as shown in Figure 2. Traditional Procurement Routes The traditional procurement consists of the appointment of designer consultants by client before call for tender, and the appointment of a contractor on the other side after tender. The construction project is managed by HWUs project management with no concurrent sequence works that have to occur by following each other as brief, design, tendering construction. The traditional procurement route is varies in Traditional Sequential route and Traditional Accelerated route. Traditional Sequential route means the Contractors bid will be submitted based on the completed design documents and completed tender cost documents as normal. Traditional Accelerated route has requested the client to appoint the contractor earlier on the basis of partial information by negotiation or in competition. The contractor is able to be involved in the project as early as possible. The contractors experience, knowledge and existing materials and equipments can be considered in the final design. Design Build Procurement Routes The DB procurement route has changed the traditional sequence of work. It requires HWU to develop the tender documents that will send to possible contractors for provide and return their design proposal and relevant cost. DB has met the clients intend for a single-point of responsibility in an attempt to reduce clients risks and control the overall costs. DB is allowed the design and construction works concurrently to reduce the total project duration when compared with traditional routes. DB is also firmed the overall price prior to construction with low cost risk, so that HWU will not necessary to expend huge resources to close involvement. DB is varies in several types such as: Turnkey, Package deal, Design build, Develop construct. Turnkey is adopted the DBs principles and extended the contractors responsibility to include the commissioning and fit-out of facility, that same as EPC (engineering, production construction). The contractor has been placed with responsibility, risk and power and the client has the least risk in all procurement routes. Develop Construct is adopted DB with two-stage tendering and novation for give the client greater control over both design and cost. The client will has the higher risk among DB routes. Refer to Figure 3: Risk distribution among DB routes Management Procurement Routes Construction management is a construction manager who appointed by client to advise the client on a fee basis. The client has to involve into contracts with numerous contractors that requested the client is experienced and has to be totally involved with faster response to decisions. Construction management is normally suitable for complex building project. Management contracting can be defined as a management contractor appointed by client will advise client on the program and buildability. It requires the client a good quality brief and relies on a good quality project team. There are higher risk on the uncertain actual cost and total construction duration when compare with DB route. See below Figure 4: Risk analysis between Client Contractor. Other Procurement Routes There are other aspects of procurement routes such as Prime contracting, Partnering, Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), etc. Partnering is a procurement philosophy that will ensure the cooperating working between client and contractor and the problems can be solved over adversarial attitudes and practices. Partnering, Prime contracting and PPP procurement routes are mostly suitable for major and huge projects. In view of build the auditorium is a small project, it is recommended that these complex procurement routes are unsuitable or unnecessary. Procurement Route Selection In view of build a new auditorium is able to consider as a straightforward small project, we suggest that the Design Build procurement route shall be adopted. DB procurement route has considered and minimized the clients risk. Refer to the Figure 5: Summary of Client Risk in Advance Procurement Routes. The client has to avoid to loss control for the project and to avoid a very high price rate, the Turnkey and Pachage deal are not recommended for adoption in this project. Hence, we are suggesting to adopt the Design and Build to this project. DB is a more refined form of a package deal which obtained recognition from the JCT in 1981 with the publication of the JCT Standard Form of Building Contract with Contractors Design (CD 81). Figure 6 is shown the procedure of DB project. By chosen the DB procurement route, HWU knows the total financial commitment early in the projects life, and also knows that HWU does not introduce changes during the course of the works. DB has advised the direct negotiation and contact way between the client and the contractor. This has improved the communication lines and enabled the contractor not only to fully respond for the contract but also to adapt more promptly to meet the clients needs. The contractor is responsible for the whole of the design and construction of the building. Responsibilities are not split between designer and builder so that the client finds himself looking to separate parties in the event of a building failure. (BPS, 2nd Edition, 1990) 4.0 The Advantages and Potential benefits of DB route When the DB procurement route is chosen for the project, HWU starts out on a path to success by adherence to the objectives, time, cost and quality requirements of the project. Wider Choice of Design By invited three or more contractors to tender for this project, different with the traditional route, more designers will provide wider idea and design intend, HWU has the wider choice to select the best design that has fully understood and achieved the project objectives. Before HWU top management have decision to choose the contractor, they can input their concerns and comments to the design rather than request changes during construction stage. When both HWU and contractor agree with the amendment, the contract is ready to award accordingly. Time Cost Saving DB saves time and cost for the client, HWU, when it is providing the opportunity to achieve innovation in the delivered facility. Time and cost savings result from the ability of the design-build team to fast-track the project by overlapping the design and construction phases of the schedule. Because the HWU does not need to provide a full set of biddable construction documents, cost savings are also associated with design. Reduced Risk with lesser involvement DB allows the client, HWU, to avoid being placed directly between the architect/engineers and the contractor. HWU does not take on significant risk because of avoid the position on direct involvement. Even more importantly, the contractor will take the responsibility for design errors and omissions under DB route, and HWU is able to relive the major legal and managerial responsibilities. From HWUs view, the DB is a tool to fix many problems associated with the traditional route of contracting for design and construction separately and sequentially. We have also compared the procurement routes as shown in Figure 7. 5.0 The disadvantages of DB route A disadvantage of DB is that the contractor may use an existing building system or modular building form so that the contractor can reduce design time and save their own design fee, may lack aesthetic appeal. By chosen the DB procurement route, HWU is able to be aware of some serious failures among building systems and shall undertake careful research before award the contract. There is no independent architect and consultants to advice and to protect HWUs interests, is another disadvantage of DB route. In order to avoid a blind monitoring, HWU can employ an agent to perform this role on behalf. The agent shall supervise the works from brief, tender stage to design and construction stage, until handover the completed project to HWU, to make sure that the contractors proposal and works are complied with the required objectives and standard. Next, once HWU issued the contract, it will be costly for HWU to change the design, materials or works. HWU has to finalize the requirement before the tender and has to finally amend and confirm contractors proposal before sign the contract. Finally, HWU shall be aware of the responsibility for high quality risk. Some contractors concern with simplifying construction activities are able to lead to a reduction in design quality, as a result, it makes design and build inappropriate for this project in which high specification technology is required. Hence, HWU shall write clearly into the brief for the quality requirements. 6.0 The Alternative Procurement Route In case of the client has more concern on the cost control and changes of design and function, we have propose the Traditional Accelerated route as the alternative procurement route. As mentioned early in clause 3.1, Traditional Accelerated route has allowed the client to appoint the contractor earlier on the basis of partial information by negotiation or in competition. The two-stage tendering will be used to appoint a contractor as early as possible to the project. During the 1st tender stage, the design may not be completed and the tenderers will submit a price based on the available information. Until the 2nd tender stage, the additional design information will ready and the packages are finally priced. The client may comprise negotiation with the contractor (winning tender from 1st stage). When the price agreed, the client can award of the contract as traditional lump sum contract to contractor for commence the works. By compare with the traditional single-stage tendering, the benefit of Traditional Accelerated route to the client are: Shorten the tender period and quicker start on site works; Design stage can extend to construction period, may not requested to complete for tender package. By select the Nominated Sub-contractor, the quality is able to control by the client. The contractor can consider their experience to the design and their existing or extra resources to this project, that they may have a lower price package. The traditional accelerated route is suitable for our client who is not required much experience and the quality and buildability may also achieve the requirement. The client has to consider the risks during 2nd tender stage that the contractor may not meet the clients requirement. This can be resolved by spend more time to get alternative contractor involve and seek the agreement. 7.0 Demonstration of procurement Researches on Selecting Project Delivery Systems found that DB projects are delivered 33.5% faster than projects that are designed and built under separate parties. The researches also showed that DB project are constructed 12% faster for construction stage and have a unit cost that is 6.1% lower than traditional projects. (PDS 1998) 8.0 Conclusion The Design and Build is the recommended procurement route to HWU for this auditorium project. In order to achieve HWUs expectations and vision of delivery of the project, HWU is also to be an integral part of the design process. A well completed auditorium project with DB route will include HWU in the initial design process of programming and schematic design, and will include HWUs involvement not only in design stage meetings but also in the further interim reviews of the design, construction, functionality and even aesthetics at various steps along the design and construction process. DB has its ability to consider all relevant factors that would influence the desirability of the project. The best value selection of DB procurement route provides for the consideration of both cost, time and other more subjective factors such as project management, quality control and team reputation.

Personal Narrative- Nearly Fatal Car Accident Essay -- Personal Narrat

The fluorescent lights blinded me as I tried to open my eyes. Where am I, I thought to myself? I jolted my head back and forth desperately trying to figure out where I was. I heard a voice say, "Hold him down, we are almost there." A sharp pain ran down my back to my feet. All I could see were lights flashing and shadows moving in all directions. The rolling bed that I was on stopped abruptly and a mask was placed over my face. I tried not to breathe, but in less than a second I was unconscious. In no apparent order multiple scenes began to flash through my head. My thoughts turned to nothing, and for one minute all I saw in my mind was an everlasting black hole accompanied by a single deafening beep. Suddenly, I awoke to the clanging sound of my alarm clock. I must have had a bad dream I thought to myself as I turned on the faucet to wash my face. It was eleven in the morning, and everyone in my family was sitting in the living room watching television. I wasn't quite sure what the day was. Everything was all too familiar. I figured it was Sunday, but I wasn't sure. The smell of pancakes and bacon floated through the air from the kitchen to where I was standing in the living room. I made my way past my sisters and my mom and sat down at the bar in the kitchen hoping my dad would serve me breakfast so that I would not have to get up to get it. "Good morning," I said to my dad as I sat down. He was standing with his back to me as he flipped over some pancakes. "I see you're up bright and early this morning," my dad said as he turned to look at me. I chuckled as I replied, "Yup sure am." Then I added, "Hey dad, who won the Texas ATM game?" "They don't start playin' until two o'clock." That was the answer I was looking for. ... ...rder multiple scenes began to flash through my head. My thoughts turned to nothing, and for one minute all I saw in my mind was an everlasting black hole accompanied by a single deafening beep. When I became conscious, the same fluorescent lights were shining down on me. This time, there was a man in all white whose face was silhouetted by the lights. I thought I was dead and that I was looking at an angel. The man spoke, "Logan, do you know what has happened to you?" "Wha, huh, I. .ooo..what." "Logan, do you know that you were in a very serious car accident?" "Yeah, I mean I think so. I thought it was all a dream." "You are a very lucky person. Many people would never survive such an accident. Not having anything more than a bad concussion is a miracle." "What day is it? Where are my parents?" "Just lay there calmly and I will go get them."

The Well by Elizabeth Jolley and Relationship of Hester and Katherine E

The Well by Elizabeth Jolley and Relationship of Hester and Katherine Hester Harper is a lonely, single lady in The Well. It was her loneliness, lack of love and need for companionship that made her bring Katherine home. She did not have a life of her own. Katherine was an unloved child, who had already been rejected by people in her country until she luckily met with Hester. Katherine formed a close relationship with Hester, and soon realised that Hester was quite fond of her. Katherine fulfilled all her requirements, and Hester believed that it is the beginning of a secure and loving relationship. Hester spoiled Katherine and made her life incredibly comfortable; she did not want to ever let go of her. Katherine was incredibly good at manipulating Hester. She displayed her care and friendliness on the first day that she was brought home, â€Å"Oh Miss Harper I will. Thank you†¦she hugged and kissed her.† She was all open and honest to Hester, it seemed strange that a normal person would show affection to a stranger, without even forming a close relationship. Katherine from the first day, had a concealed motive by knowing that Miss Harper was a well respected and rich lady and for this reason was already trying to take advantage of her, trying to win her love so she could be the replacement daughter and inherit Hester’s assets. There is also the time when Katherine convinced Hester to invite Joanna to come stay for a week. The suspicion gets even stronger when we learn about â€Å"Katherine’s ability and willingness in the household† and that â€Å"there was nothing Katherine could not copy or learn.† She seemed to have all the makings of an efficient criminal. It is very unusual for a young girl to be willing to sta... ... it. Nevertheless we never find out who stole the money; however we do know that Hester is left with nothing. All she ever wanted is for her and Katherine to be happy. Hester and Katherine both tried to take advantage of each other. Hester never wanted to lose Katherine, and had always done what was best for her. She tried to make Katherine’s life the most comfortable as she possibly could. She bought all the things that Katherine insisted upon, and even told Katherine that she could invite her best friend to stay, even though she did not look so kindly upon. All Katherine ever wanted was the money to use for her own pleasure, she wanted to get everything out of Hester, and was very manipulative in doing so. She had Hester wrapped up in her little finger. Both Katherine and Hester used each other, but it was really Katherine who was in the most control.

Character of Frair Lawrece in Romeo and Juliet

Friar Laurence is presented as a holy man who is trusted and respected by the other characters. He is an important character in the drama, ’Romeo and Juliet,’ by ‘William Shakespeare. ’ The Friar's role as the friend and advisor to Romeo and Juliet highlights the conflict between parents and their children within the play. Friar Lawrence does not immediately approve of Romeo’s plan to marry Juliet, and asks him â€Å"Is Rosaline, that thou didst love so dear,/ So soon forsaken? Romeo’s arguments in favor of his current love are hardly very creditable: â€Å"Her I love now/ Does grace for grace, and love for love allow/ The other did not. † This is dangerously close to saying that Juliet’s easy enough to make it worthwhile. Friar Lawrence doesn’t agree to help them because he is convinced by Romeo’s sincerity, but for a specific reason (â€Å"in one respect†, as he says), namely that â€Å"This alliance may so happy prove/ To turn your households’ rancor to pure love. † As Romeo is isolated from his friends and family, The Friar acts as a father figure to Romeo.He is one person who Romeo trusts and this is relevant as he is the first person Romeo goes to talk about his love for Juliet, ‘my heart’s dear love is set on the fair daughter of rich Capulet. ’ The Friar is a religious idealist, a philosopher who understands the big picture while other characters in the play are too involved in their interrelationships to share his perspective. He is a holy man, anxious to help the lovers in order to reconcile the Montagues and Capulets and bring peace to Verona, ‘for this alliance may so happy prove to turn your households’ rancor to pure love,’ showing us how his actions were well planned off.Friar Lawrence is the mastermind of the plot. He first creates the plot by agreeing to marry Romeo and Juliet, he does this because he thinks the mar riage will bring peace to the families, ’turn your households rancor into pure love,’ this brings out his intelligence. His wise character is brought out when he says, ‘wisely and slow they stumble that run fastly,’ foreshadowing to us that something unexpected is going to occur. Act four Scene 3 is driven by the conflict between the older and younger generations.The Friar chastises Romeo and reminds him of his good fortune that the Prince has commuted his sentence from death to a â€Å"gentler judgment† of exile. Although Romeo heretofore sought the wise counsel of Friar Laurence, a holy man of spiritual learning, now that Romeo's situation has grown critical, the Friar's advice is not as well received. The Friar's contemplative work is far removed from the blind passion and emotional torment that Romeo is experiencing. Romeo, in his agitated state, is unable to accept the calm, philosophical reasoning the Friar offers.The Friar's willingness to he lp Juliet reflects his concern for his own role in the unfolding events. He has performed an illicit marriage and must now strive to prevent being implicated in the bigamous marriage between Juliet and Paris. The Friar has exposed himself to substantial personal liability, but he faces many opportunities to absolve himself of any involvement. The Friar is a peace-loving yet powerless character whose efforts to promote good are as subject to the whims of fate as anyone else's in the play. The Friar uses his knowledge of flowers and herbs to conceive Juliet's remedial concoction.In Act II, Scene 3, the Friar describes the dual qualities of the flower that is capable of healing yet has the power to act as a poison. The drug the Friar offers Juliet is compounded of opposites and will give Juliet the appearance of death so that she can regain her life and her love. The Friar's plan serves as the mechanism of hope for Juliet, but due to the influence of fate, becomes the vehicle of the tr agedy itself. I feel that Friar Lawrence plays an important role in this drama as he helps the drama to develop and makes it interesting. He is the one who starts the plot, furthers it and then finally ends it.

Speech Plan

Beto Arellano Comm 3 Informative Speech Plan Title: Hip-hop Abs Specific Speech Purpose: To inform my Comm. 3 audience on how to achieve abs with the hip-hop abs program Statement: There are three steps for a basic hip hop abs workout. Introduction I. Attention Step: The abdomen, sometimes called the belly, stomach, or tummy, is the part of the body between the chest and pelvis.The benefits of having strong abdominal muscles include helping a person breathe better and better posture that results in less back pain, help a person avoid injury when performing tasks that put stress on the back and torso, and helping the body to heal faster after an injury or surgery to the spine. II. Clarification Step: That explains why we have to maintain our abs for a better and healthier life. Welcome everyone to Beto's Guide to Shaun T's Hip Hop Abs! Today, I am going to teach you how to achieve great abs using Shaun T's Hip Hop Abs Program, and have fun while doing it!Body I. First, you must get th e proper materials for the work out A. You must wear the proper clothes 1. Wear comfortable clothes (shirt, shorts/jogging pants) 2. Wear rubber shoes B. You must prepare the needed materials 1. Bring water and a towel 2. Bring appropriate music for the workout II. Second, you must attain the proper form for the workout A. You must Tilt 1. Tilt your body forward 2. Take your shoulders over B. You must Tuck 1. Tuck your hips under 2. â€Å"Sit on a chair† C. You must Tighten 1. Squeeze your abs 2. Exhale while you squeeze III.Lastly, you must learn the basic steps A. Do the basic bounce B. Bring your hands up and step side to side C. Bring your knees up alternately D. Bend your knees and get low Conclusion Summary Step: Now that you know how easy and fun the Hip Hop Abs program is, you can now maintain your abs anywhere like at home, at the office, in the kitchen, in the shower, and at the zoo, but not anytime, only when no one else is looking. Sources: http://www. ehow. com/a bout_4565354_abdominal-muscles. html#ixzz2MaOxmjms http://www. beachbody. com/product/fitness_programs/hip_hop_abs. do